AT&T Business Analysis Essay -- Business Management Essays

AT&T Business AnalysisExecutive SummaryThe world is experiencing a talks revolution. The Internet, e-Commerce and other developments (including the convergence of communication technologies) are profoundly reshaping economic and social life. AT&T must position itself to meet the challenge of this revolution. The strategic development of information-based industries is a key to the next social and economic development of the world. The telecommunications industry is of vital importance to the development of the information-based economy. AT&T need to supply access to cost efficient, timely and advanced(a) telecommunications services.AT&T had developed a reputation for providing high-quality long distance telephone services. It moved rapidly to exploit this reputation in the newly war-ridden long distance market by aggressively marketing its services against MCI, Sprint, and other carriers. Also, AT&T had traditional strengths in research and development with its chime Labs subsid iary. To exploit these strengths in its new global competitive context, AT&T shifted Bell Labs mission from basic research to applied research, and then leveraged those skills by forming many joint ventures, acquiring NCR, and other actions. Through this process, AT&T has been able to use some of its historically important capabilities to try to position itself as a major actor in the global telecommunications and computing industry.Effective competition is widely seen as a key to the development of telecommunications services. The ability of new telecommunications networks to link up fairly and efficiently with existing networks is critical to the development of competition. AT&T has undergone numerous changes since its inception in the late 19th century. The McKinsey 7 S fabric as applied by Pascale is recommended to manage the changes they are facing to adopt a greater competitive presence in the global economy. In concurrence with this framework, numerous other models were a pplied to analyse the global competitive position of AT&T. Recommendations for a revised strategy and direction for AT&T project been made throughout this document including two scenarios of how the telecommunications industry might develop towards 2000, while outlining the impact on AT&T.1.1IntroductionAT&T Corp., integrated in 1885, is engaged in providin... ...ide whether it should be getting better at what it is already good at or whether it should be looking toward higher army capabilities that are beyond the old. The strategic vision of AT&T must be adjusted to reflect their intent of being boundaryless and to become the leader in the infocom industry. It must become the companies culture.Appendix 13 Mapping AT&Ts StrategyThe soft factors can make or break a successful change process, since new structures and strategies are difficult to build upon inappropriate cultures and values. These problems often come up in the dissatisfying results of spectacular mega-mergers. The lack of success and synergies in such mergers is often based in a clash of completely different cultures, values, and styles, which make it difficult to establish effective common systems and structuresBased on the boldness study, extensive research and annual reports of AT&T the writer has mapped AT&T in the different domains. AT&T should strive to attain a perfect circle as close to the centre as possible, which indicates total synergy, order and equilibrium. Where the circle is skewed drastic change is needed as it moves close-set(prenominal) to the outer ring of chaos

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Since the mid-1990s, the unite Nations (UN) and other multilateral bodies have asserted authority for the administration of war-torn territories and elevate the responsibility of placing them on the trajectory of political change (Knoll 2008 2). In 1995, right after Dayton Peace Agreement, the UN assumed responsibility in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Chesterman 2004 2).In 1999, following NATOs armed intervention in Kosovo, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1244 establishing the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (Brabandere 2009 37). Just a few months later, a transitional administration was created with effective sovereignty over East Timor until independence (UNTAET). These expanding mandates continued a trend that began with the operations in Namibia in 1989 and Cambodia in 1993, where the United Nations exercised varying degrees of civilian authority in addition to supervising elections (Chesterman 2004 2).However, although the UN had assumed responsibilit y in 68 countries since 1948, the missions in Bosnia, Kosovo, and East Timor are commonly seen as unique in the history of the United Nations (Chesterman 2004 Doyle 2001 Chopra 1998 Wolfrum 2005 Stahn 2008). First, international administrations of these countries represent the most comprehensive missions ever deployed by the United Nations. Second, these cases also represent clear examples of antiauthoritarian regime-building efforts on the part of international administrators. In the three cases, democratic regime-building has been an explicit goal, and international administrators have sought to oversee and involve themselves in a estimable process of regime change (Tansey 2009). Lastly, the three cases also display variation on both independent a... ...lack of interviews or surveys represents a limitation in this respect. These gathering-data techniques could staggeringly supplement the present paper in addition to primary documents, academic literature and non-academic mater ials published by think-tanks and NGOs. Second, following Przeworski et. al. (2000) and Mainwaring et. al. (2001), the present paper it leaves out crucial results such as social equality and economic development. Nevertheless, although these caveats are significant and may serve as the impetus for further research they do non overshadow the modest endeavor of the present paper. As Mainwaring et. al. (2000) suggests, by applying a trichotomous scale with a modest information demand, the number of coding errors significantly would be reduced and thus achieve greater reliability than would be possible under a more demanding measurement scale.

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

By the end of World War I, many America authors were ready to alternate their ways and views on writing. Authors were tired of tradition and limitations. One of these writers was F. Scott Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald was a participant in the wild parties with bootleg liquor, but he was also a amateur of this time. His book, The Great Gatsby is an excellent example of modernist literature, through its use of implied themes and fragmented storyline.The Great Gatsby is a book about Jay Gatsbys quest for Daisy Buchanan. During the book, Jay tries numerous times at his best to grasp his dream of being with Daisy. The narrator of the book Nick Carraway finds himself in a pool of corruption and material wealth. Near the end, Nick eventually realizes that what he is involved in isnt the lifestyle that he thought it was previously, and he tries to correct his mistake.The theme of illusion versus reality is implied throughout the book. Fitzgerald once wrote, Thats the whole burden of this novel the loss of those illusions that give such color to the world so that you dont care whether things are true or false as long as they partake of the magical glory.(xv) For instance, Gatsbys obsession with Daisy masks the harsh reality that it was never going to happen. Gatsby even realizes that his illusion is great than reality when he kisses her, and forever weds his unutterable visions to her perishable breath.(117) Gatsby seems to know that his idea and pursuit of Daisy is more rewarding than the actual attainment of her.Another theme that is apply is the American dream. Gatsby himself is a believer in the American dream of self-made success. During the book, we learn that he had created himself out of nothing, that his whole life is merely fiction. Gatsby remained fully attached to his dream of being socially accepted to the end. Therefore he never comprehends that his strive for success and social acceptance led him to his deathbed. That is why Gatsby is a height example of the American dream.Similarly, the theme of faulty vision is prevalent in the book. Wealth, material possessions, and power are the core values of the American dream. Gatsby did achieve the American dream but his idealistic faiths in money and lifes possibilities twisted his dreams and life into worthless existence based on falsehoods.

Explication of Theme in Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find

In Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find, a family of six set out on a vacation to Florida while an extremely dangerous criminal is on the loose. The family takes the grandmother, who is outraged that the family is traveling while The Misfit is scanning the countryside. Throughout the short story, OConnor drops many an(prenominal) hints to the reader, ultimately leading to the terrifying climax. Foreshadowing is more commonly noticed the second time a story is read as opposed to the first. Readers ordain pick up on the hints that foreshadow the events to come. Foreshadowing is used when grandmother mentions The Misfit in the opening paragraph, when grandmother dresses formally in case of an accident, and when the graves argon noticed in the cottonfield. Foreshadowing is first used when grandmother tells the family about The Misfit when discussing the vacation destination. Here this fellow that calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida and you read here what it says he did to these people. Just you read it. I wouldnt take my children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose. (393). OConnor throws the idea of The Misfit up in the air for the reader to grasp. aloose from the Federal Pen and headed towards Florida, suggests that the family may in fact have a run-in with The Misfit while in Florida. OConnor leaves the audience with the looking at that the criminal is dangerous and commits unspeakable c...

Psycho-Sexual Reading of The Fall of the House of Usher Essay -- Fall

Psycho-Sexual Reading of The Fall of the House of Usher The idea that The Fall of the House of Usher is in part an investigation into sexual want and sexual guilt complexes has often been hinted at merely never critically pursued as the dominant theme in the tale. But such a reading is at least prepared for in important essays by D. H. Lawrence and Allen Tate which make the essential recognition that The Fall of the House of Usher is a distinguish story (1). Lawrence and Tate, however, mistakenly attempt to purge the love concerned of all bodily meaning. What they see Usher wanting is possession non of Madelines body but her very being (Lawrence, p. 86). Theirs is essentially an anti-biological reading of the tale in which the Poe hero tries in self-love to turn the soul of the heroine into something like a physical object lens which can be known in direct cognition (fate, p. 115). But if The Fall of the House of Usher is a drama of cognition, its cognitive impact is not circ umscribed by metaphysical speculation on the identity of matter and spirit (2). In this connection, Patrick F. Quinns suggestion that Usher is a criminal merits attention (3). He is, in a biological reading of the story, a sexual criminal, and a critic like Richard Wilbur, who suggests that the poetic soul is out to shake off this temporal, rational, physical world and escape . . . to a realm of unfettered vision, lifts us out of quite a than urges us into the depths which humanity in the person of Usher has touched (4). Caroline Gordon and Allen Tate are closer to the truth when they call column 2 Usher a Gothic character taken seriously and when they view The Fall of the House of Usher as a serious story of moral perv... ...267. (5) Caroline Gordon and Allen Tate, The Ho?se of Fiction (New York Scribners, 1960), p. 53. (6) See Albert Mordells comment on the tale and Usher in The tickling Motive in Literature, rev. ed. (New York Collier Books, 1962), p. 173 As we learn from psycho-analysis, morbid fear is inhibited sexual desire it is reaction against the libido. column 2 (7) The editors of The Literature of The United States (Chicago Scott-Foresman, 1949), p. 317, set 17, favor the more familiar explanation which links the doctor with a gang of body-snatchers. Thus Usher chooses to entomb his sister in the vaults of the house rather than in the family graveyard. (8) Darrel Abel, A Key to The House of Usher, rpt. in Interpretations of American Literature, ed. Charles Feidelson, Jr. and Paul Brodtkorb, Jr. (New York Oxford University Press, 1959), p. 53.

Psycho-Sexual Reading of The Fall of the House of Usher Essay -- Fall

Psycho-Sexual Reading of The Fall of the House of exhibit The idea that The Fall of the House of Usher is in part an investigation into informal motivation and sexual guilt complexes has often been hinted at but never critically pursued as the dominant theme in the tale. But such(prenominal) a reading is at least prepared for in important essays by D. H. Lawrence and Allen Tate which make the essential recognition that The Fall of the House of Usher is a love story (1). Lawrence and Tate, however, mistakenly attempt to purge the love concerned of all corporal meaning. What they see Usher wanting is possession not of Madelines carcass but her very being (Lawrence, p. 86). Theirs is essentially an anti-biological reading of the tale in which the Poe hero tries in self-love to turn the soul of the heroine into something like a physical object which can be known in direct cognition (fate, p. 115). But if The Fall of the House of Usher is a drama of cognition, its cognitive carry o n is not circumscribed by metaphysical speculation on the identity of matter and spirit (2). In this connection, Patrick F. Quinns suggestion that Usher is a criminal merits wariness (3). He is, in a biological reading of the story, a sexual criminal, and a critic like Richard Wilbur, who suggests that the poetic soul is out to shake false this temporal, rational, physical world and escape . . . to a realm of unfettered vision, lifts us out of rather than urges us into the depths which humanity in the person of Usher has touched(p) (4). Caroline Gordon and Allen Tate are closer to the truth when they call column 2 Usher a Gothic character taken seriously and when they view The Fall of the House of Usher as a serious story of moral perv... ...267. (5) Caroline Gordon and Allen Tate, The Ho?se of Fiction (New York Scribners, 1960), p. 53. (6) See Albert Mordells comment on the tale and Usher in The Erotic Motive in Literature, rev. ed. (New York Collier Books, 1962), p. 173 As we learn from psycho-analysis, morbid fear is inhibited sexual desire it is reaction against the libido. column 2 (7) The editors of The Literature of The coupled States (Chicago Scott-Foresman, 1949), p. 317, note 17, favor the more familiar explanation which links the doctor with a gang of body-snatchers. Thus Usher chooses to entomb his sister in the vaults of the dramatics rather than in the family graveyard. (8) Darrel Abel, A Key to The House of Usher, rpt. in Interpretations of American Literature, ed. Charles Feidelson, Jr. and Paul Brodtkorb, Jr. (New York Oxford University Press, 1959), p. 53.

Psychosis Leads to Murder Essay

Throughout In insensate Blood, Truman Capote writes on the events directly before, during, and the happenings after the brutal murdering of the Clutter family in the quaint town of Holcomb, Kansas. The actions dent Hickock and Perry Smith attracted Capote and led him to ultimately report on the entire ordeal. Throughout Capotes masterpiece, In Cold Blood, Hickock and Smiths deranged and psychotic actions directly correlate to a deep psychosis they both suffered for multiple years. Throughout the novel, In Cold Blood, the two murderers, Dick Hickock and Perry Smith, show instances of unwarranted anger and aggression that leads readers into believing that a serious issue with their psyches have occurred. Early in, the novel Hickock states, I didnt want to ravish the man. I thought he was a very nice gentleman. Soft-spoken. I thought so right up to the moment I cut his throat (Capote 88).Here, the reader can clearly see Hickock contradicting himself hardly in in a rather frightening way. Smith also shows an instance of this as head later in the novel when he says, I wish shed been in that house that night. What a sweet scene (Capote 259). When Smith says she in the previous, refer he is referring to his own sister. He vocalizes that he wishes his sister was among the Clutters in their house the night he and Dick killed them. This allows the reader to truly gage the depth of his psychosis by not even allowing himself to show any compassion to his own family. In Brian Conniffs article Psychological Accidents In Cold Blood and Ritual Sacrifice, he agrees with the previous thought by stating, Hickock was the one with the sexual intrest in female children who wants to stop, in the middle of the burglary, to rape Nancy Clutter, a direct quote from Smith (5). supply from Capotes personal accounts, it allows the reader to see further into the extreme violence of the convicted felons.Aside from unwarranted anger and aggression, both, Hickock and Smith show a order o f magnitude of signs that allow outsiders to infer that they, themselves, know of their mental condition and knowingly choose to ignore it. In many instances they vocalize this to each other and even to issue strangers. Shortly after the murders Smith said, The kind of psychotic rage it took to commit such a crime (Capote 83). And Hickock mentioned, I think there must be something seriously wrong with us to do what we did (Capote 108).The context of these two quotes makes it quite easy to understand why readers believe that Hickock and Smith knew of their mental issues prior to the murders but both decided to ignore them. In Conniffs article Psychological Accidents In Cold Blood and Ritual Sacrifice, he agrees with the idea above by stating a written portion of an interview with Hickock done by Capote that reads, Like all of the rest of the normals, as Perry calls themrespectable population, safe and smug people (3). This is yet another solid acknowledgement of his insanity, whic h he chooses to blatantly ignore.Throughout the entire novel, Hickock and Smith both suffer seriously from psychotic delusions and emotional rants, which forces readers to comprehend Hickock and Smith as mentally insane men. During one of these rants Smith exclaims, I WANT TO CONESS (Capote 100). Hickock also shows multiple instances of emotional rants also. One of many comes when his sister says she pull up stakes not contact him and he, overrun by emotion, states, I wish shed been in that house that night. What a sweet scene (Capote 259).And also, I wouldnt obtain a damn if this car caught fire and burned me alive (Capote 188). Both these quotes appear while suffering severe shifts in emotions, which he could not control, gum olibanum proving his mental instability. After authorities caught the two, and while being questioned Smith stated, It was part passion- a passion that was pathological, meaning that he could not control himself (Capote 186). Small indications, such as th ese, allow readers to see deep into the psyche of Hickock and Smith, displaying disturbing images.Throughout unwarranted acts of anger and aggression, Hickock and Smiths acknowledgement of their insanity, and the delusions and rants they experience directly correlativity between their acts of horror and the deep psychosis they became trapped in late in their lives. This psychosis directly relates to why they did the terrible things they did, and why they didnt think anything of it. This correlation becomes easily seen by allowing the reader to glance deep within the psyche of these two ruthless killers.Works CitedCapote, Truman. In Cold Blood. New York Random House, 1966. Print. Conniff, Brian. Psychological Accidents In Cold Blood and Ritual Sacrifice. The Midwest Quarterly A Journal of Contemporary Thought 35.1 (Autumn 1993) 77-94. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 164. Detroit Gale, 2005. Literature Resources fr om Gale. Web. 8 Nov. 2011.

Male Image in Victorian Poetry Essay

In Robert cooks My lowest Duchess(1842), Porphyrias Love(1842), and Elizabeth Barrett Brownings verse clean Aurora Leigh(1856) we have two contrasting images of male person l all over and husband. The greed for wealth and force out drives the male characters in Robert Brownings poems to grow from despotic to domineering psychopaths and destroys the object of their affection in contrast Aurora Leigh, a woman of substance, refuses to play the second fiddle and spurns the dispatcher of love and marriage from her cousin Romney to be able to pursue art independently.Though the Brownings are non known as the typical representatives of their era, some of the characters reflect the dominating values of their time. The speed class male characters in these poems are vain and arrogant in their attitude, and condescending to women. Robert Brownings put one over in Porphyrias sports fan and My Last Duchess through the dramatic monologues. The Duchess, being a woman of a softer mood, be comes the soft target of her hard-hearted husband. She lacks the education and confidence to choose her path of freedom.The two male characters the obsessive lover in Porphyria and the Duke in My Last Duchess reveal the dark motives through the successful use of dramatic monologues. In My Last Duchess it is an exaggerated view of his social status that leads the Duke to neglect his wife first, then as she obdurately follows her natural inclinations of innocence and equanimity to all, she is smothered to death with aristocratic diplomacy This grew I gave commands/ Then all smiles stopped together. (ll.45-46) The Duke who gets rid of his last Duchess so inhumanly, shamelessly negotiates marriage with the daughter of a rich Count. He admires the beauty and the grandeur of the Duchess portrait, and it is the storied artist Fra Pandolf or Neptune taming a sea horse, the rare sculpture of Claus of Innsbruck to highlight his position and ensure masters known munificence/ Is ample ensu re that no just pretense/ of mine for dowry will be disallowed. (ll. 49-51) It is greed that drives the Duke to murder his first wife to make way for a to a greater extent profitable second marriage for a hefty dowry.The Duke represents the values of the rich upper class he overestimates his nine- hundred-year-old status and underestimates the priceless sweet disposition of his low-toned wife She had /a heart how shall I say? too briefly made glad,/ Too easily impressed (ll. 21-23) His typical male vanity is verbalised in his own words Whod stoop to blame/ This sort of trifling? (ll. 34-35) The male ego in the Duke is so domineering that it would not birth any kind of opposition to the custom and culture of his superior class. Marriage is a matter of convenience and a passport to accumulation of wealth.As soon as he realizes the incompatibility of his first marriage, he is ready for the second even at the cost of murdering his last Duchess. The Duke stands for the ruthlessly ambitious capitalist of the dainty era who does not mind building his empire on the graveyard of his hapless victims. His criminal nature is camouflaged by his high social status. Robert Brownings Porphyrias Lover bares the psyche of a lover obsessed with jealousy. The dramatic monologue focuses on the central character of the male lover who kills his pricey on the ground of suspicion.This abnormal act of murder exposes the deeper recesses of his soul. In a cold and stormy night he makes love to his lady after she returns from a sortie and then strangles her with her hair. Even after this diabolical act the male lover does not feel any remorse on the contrary, he gloats over the absolute surrender of his beloved Murmuring how she loved me she And spring herself to me forever. (ll. 21, 25) It is vanity that sustains the lover but he feels insecure from some unknown threat of an imaginary rival Porphyria worshipped me surprise/ Made my heart swell and still it grew (ll.33-34) He kills her with a desire of immortalizing the consummation of their love. The sadist manipulator of woman delights in the blue eyes, blushed burning cheek and the smiling rosy head of the corpse. This may be an extreme case, but the absolute domination of the male over their female counter begins is fact of Victorian society. The death wish of Porphyria does not sound true, it seems to be her lovers wish-fulfillment. The sick lover takes stock with a calculate mind And I, its love, am gained instead (l.55) The women in Robert Brownings poems pay with their lives for trusting their men. Elizabeth Barrett Brownings Aurora Leigh(1856) explores the fate of a progressive idea Aurora who turns down the marriage proposal of Romney, she finally emerges triumphant in her profession of a poet and reformer as she proclaims Their sole work is to represent the age,(V. 200) She refuses to give up her profession of writer to complement the philanthropic work of her cousin with a bold assertion Y ou misconceive the question like a man,/ Who sees a woman as the complement / of his sex merely. (Bk. II. ll. 434-36) Though Aurora is deprived of her inheritance because of her refusal to marry her cousin Romney Leigh, she fares better than Robert Brownings women who are playthings in the hands of their dominating men. She represents the New Woman who struggles against the male domination and finally emerges successful. Aurora notes that she faces opposition not only from the Victorian males but also from her auntie who is deeply conditioned by patriarchal culture as she describes her She had lived/ A sort of cage-bird life, born in a cage,(Bk. I.305-06) Such expresses the lot of the vast absolute majority of Victorian women I only thought/ of lying quiet there where I was thrown/ Like sea-weed on the rocks, (I. 378-80) The relationship between Aurora and Romney breaks off when he scoffs at the idea of her becoming a poet a trivial achievement. The superiority of the males is al ways highlighted in their conversations. Women are thought to be incompetent replete to be singers. She sums up her objections to male proposal of love and marriage What you love/ Is not a woman, Romney, but a cause/ You want a helpmate, not a mistress, sir/ A wife to help your ends, in her no end. (I.400-03) Only a clear-headed and intelligent woman could see through the male pretence which is part of Victorian culture. The most trenchant comment made by Aurora on the need for individual identity is That every creature, female as the male,/ Stands individual in responsible act and thought/ As also in birth and death. (I. 337-39) She drives home the truth to her fiance that she is unwilling to regard his work as her own and concludes I too have my vocation. work to do, (I. 455) It is no mean achievement for a financially dependent woman to have the courage to keep back I / who love my art, would never wish it lower/ To suit my stature.(I. 492-94) The men of Victorian age defini tely enjoyed more power over women and used this power to suppress their potential. As we see the women of Robert Brownings poems are victims of male sadism and manipulation. But in Elizabeth Barrett Brownings Aurora Leigh we notice the beginning of a new dawn. Education help women struggle for emancipation at every level and achieve some freedom which means end of the era that handle women as their helpmates and as exclusive properties. Barrett Browning is regarded as an avant-garde writer of her age.Work CitedBrowning, Elizabeth Barrett. Aurora Leigh in The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th Ed. New York. W. W. Norton & Co. 2001. pp. 1898-1912 Browning, Robert. Porphyrias Lover in The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th Ed. New York. W. W. Norton & Co. 2001. pp. 2025-26 Browning, Robert. My Last Duchess in The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th Ed. New York. W. W. Norton & Co. 2001. pp. 2028-29 OGorman, Francis (ed. ) Victorian poetry An Annotated Anthol ogy. Malden. Blackwell Publishing. 2004. 173-175

Food Inc. Essay

The film Food Inc. reveals the truth about the way aliment is produced today. The film provides countless cases of prohibit externalities. If a devout has a negatively charged externality, then the cost to society is greater than the cost consumer is paying for it. In other words, the marginal social cost exceeds the marginal confidential cost. Since consumers make a decision based on where their marginal cost equals their marginal benefit, and since they bustt take into account the cost of the negative externality, negative externalities result in market inefficiencies unless proper action is taken. Negative externalities from eating unhealthy foods are not easily quantified, as a countless take of interwoven factors come into play. While eating unhealthy food has many negative effects on the body, consuming junk food has a self-aggrandising impact on society and the environment.Not knowing how food is produced these days, bed open the gap for diseases to be eaten by mouth. Countless negative externalities occurred throughout the film. For example, in 2001, a large number of meats were contaminated by e coli. As the contaminated meat was manufactured to fast food joints and grocery stores, e coli poisoning began to take many lives. A 2-year-old boy by the name of Kevin ate a hamburger from a fast food restaurant. Hours later, the boy caught e coli 0157H7 and died a few days later of kidney failure and dehydration. His mother pursued Kevins Law, which close down plants that produce contaminated meat.Fast FoodNegative outwardness GraphFast FoodNegative Externality Graph= potential welfare loss= potential welfare lossThe chart above represents the negative externality fast food has on society as a whole. MSC stands for marginal social cost MPC is the marginal private cost. The black trilateral represents the potential welfare loss or the external cost of the good. When the marginal social cost exceeds the marginal private cost, this signifies a negativ e effect on society. When the costs to produce the good are higher than the benefits the good brings, it is not beneficial and harms the market and lives as well. As the quantity increases, the benefit of fast food to society decreases (Q* Q1 ).Supply and demand of fast foodSupply and demand of fast foodAs many families struggle to get to work and dont have the time to make a healthy dinner, fast food is often the resort taken. Demand for fast food has increased vastly as time goes on because it is a quick way to eat and be satisfied for the time being. The negative effects that arise, such as diabetes and the come up of being food poisoned are often disregarded.The chart above symbolizes the supply and demand of fast food today. As demand increases, supply decreases. D1 D2 shows the rise in demand for fast food. S1 S2 represents the drop in supply due to the increase in demand. As supply decreases, the price for fast food increases (P1P2).Alternative measures can be taken to dec rease the risk of obesity and chances of eating contaminated foods, including, resorting to healthier foods. The rise in demand of healthy foods, cause the price to jump. By being more aware of the foods one is consuming, you are likely to add years to your life, rather than take them away.

‘Araby’ by James Joyce Essay

What impression of capital of Ireland and its people does pile Joyce give in his story Araby?James Augustine Alrysius Joyce, an Irish writer, was born in capital of Ireland 2nd February 1882 and died in Zurich, Switzerland 13th January 1941. He was born into a well-off Catholic family and was the eldest surviving child 2 of his siblings died of typhoid. Joyce was origin t bulge out ensembley educated at Clongowes Wood College, a boarding school in County Kild be, which he left at the age of 6 because his father could no longer pay the fees. James Joyce studied at home for a brief finis of time before being offered a place in the Jesuits Dublin School.At the age of 16 he rejected universa illumey which changed his life completely. At the age of 20, after graduating from the UDC (University College Dublin) he left for Paris and seek studying different occupations like teaching, journalism and even a doctor. At the age of 21 he returned to Ireland after receiving modernistics that his mother was diagnosed with endurecer. After she had died James Joyce became a heavy drinker but gradually stopped as he got over her death. He thusly stayed in Dublin for a period of time from 1904-1907 writing the Dubliners and overly started many other books.The book Dubliners is a collection of footling stories and Araby, like all of them, have paralysis meaning that they cant leave Dublin. For example in the trivial story Clay Maria has the chance to make a new life and leave Dublin but turns it down because she is too scared. This also occurs in A Painful Case and Eveline, as they dont have to courage to leave Dublin. In the short story The Boarding House, Bob Doran wishes to leave Dublin but cant because he is trapped inside marriage.Most of the short stories, unlike Araby, go in circles, for instance, Two Gallants when Lenehan just wanders more or less Dublin. This also occurs in The Dead because a horse just goes around and around in circles, and also in An Encounte r when a pervert tries to stop but end back in the uniform perverted world.At the end of the short stories James Joyce always write an epiphany, which is a revelation, but in all but one story the revelation is only noticed by the lector but in Araby both the reader and the protagonist the protagonist is the main character have an epiphany an epiphany is a moment of revelation, usually at the end of the story.In the streets of Dublin James Joyce writes them as being blind, meaning that its a curtly end and on that point is nothingness, it also means that you cant escape and there is nowhere to go (there is no way of getting out of Dublin). The main reason is that there is no vision, meaning that you cant see how terrible and run down Ireland really is. He describes all things by the colours brown and yellow that symbolises human excrements. He writes the lamps of the street upraised their feeble lanterns, the give voice feeble shows that the light is not even strong enough to even penetrate the darkness. Jostled by drunken men and bargaining women, the word bargaining in this case can mean two things. The first meaning of it is that they are just selling items and changing the prices of them, and the sulphur meaning is that the women are bargaining for their bodies, they are prostitutes. There are street singers who sing active the problems in Ireland. Also that weather is always extremely violent, and this is shown by the words unheated air stung us, rain impinge upon the earth and the air was pitilessly raw.Religion in Dublin is exceedingly poor. In the second paragraph it says a priest, had died video display that the faith in Dublin has disappeared off the face of the earth. Inside the house of the dead priest there were books that were curled and develop meaning that the interest in them was lost. The books were The Abbot which is a religious story, The Devout Communicant which is a book on how to receive Holy Communion well and the detain one The Memoirs of Vidocq which is just close a thief. The books are muddled up indicating that religion in Ireland is a sham. When it talks about the priest again it first says actually charitable priest making you think that the priest was a good man, and suddenly says in his will he had left all his money to institutions and the article of furniture of his house to his sister presenting the complete opposite.This means that the priest was only charitable went he knew he was dieing and he wasnt a nice man. In the dead priests wild garden there is an apple tree in the centre signifying the Garden of Eden which is a source of evil. In a bush in the garden, there is a rusty bicycle-pump, this can denote three things. The first description of the bicycle-pump is that there is no escape because, if you cant pump up your tires, then you cant go anywhere. The second explanation represents the snake, or Satan, in the Garden of Eden because the pump is approximately the aforementioned (prenominal) size a snake. The last reason, symbolizes a heart, meaning that, because the heart is not pumping, there is no venerate or life in Dublin, symbolizing that everything is hopeless.A good part in the story when you know that religion is just a phoney in Dublin is when the boys Aunt says Im afraid you may have to put off your bazaar for this night of Our Lord actually saying that he should just forget about it in a nasty way. Although she I using religious word she is using them without kindness, meaning that she is not caring about him.The family life in Dublin isnt very pleasant either. In the beginning of the book, the boy says if my Uncle was seen turning the corner, we hid in the shadow indicating that he doesnt live with his parents, and also that hes scared of him. On the night of the bazaar his Uncle came home late, I heard him talking to himself meaning he was obviously drunk and had forgotten all about Araby.The love in Dublin is bland. For the boy he loves and stalks Mangans sister. She is called thins because he doesnt actually know her name so he call her Mangans sister. He defines her as light because he thinks of Dublin as the dark and Mangans sister as a light to buoy up up Dublin. When he looks at her her dress swung as she moved her body, and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side, she is describes as lively and everyone else is not. Followed her, or still hunt her is the meaning, I kept her brown figure always in my eye, brown indicating that she is actually just an ordinary person with nothing special about her.Within one paragraph there are five words chalice, prayers, praises, tears and adoration, he describes her with religious word, and because he left Catholicism she is now his secular religion (one without God). She is also like music to his ears because it says my body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires. Also showing that he uses her in a secular religion is a sentence saying I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring O love O love many times showing that he worships her a lot.At last she spoke to me, this is the moment he was waiting for the whole time. She then talks about Araby and says she cant go. While she was talking to him she turned a sliver bracelet, silver indicating bright. In two sentences he uses sixer words to describe how radiant and bright she is and how drawn he is to her, they are light, lamp, white, lit, lit and white, repeating white and lit.Waking and sleep thoughts and chafed against the work of school imply that he cant do anything besides thinking about Araby and Mangans sister, and it also says I strove to read hinting the same thing.Lie at the window signals that he stalks and spies on Mangans sister, and he is singing because he is happy about getting Mangans sister a present. Lastly he has a sexual desire for Mangans sister because it says border below the dress suggesting that h e is festering quite fast and is into the puberty stage of life.Araby is a fair or, a bazaar which is a foreign word from the east. In the boys eyeball, Araby is an exotic place that gets away from all the darkness of Dublin. Also Araby is close to the word Arabia which is in the east signifying that its exotic, rich. And because it is in the east it signifies that the sunrise comes from the east, representing a new day, a new hope, a new light.Also Jesus resurrected in the east, epitomizing a new beginning or day. When he eventually arrives to Araby, he goes around the stalls and finds that most of them are closed. There is one that is open but when he sees the people at the stall he discovers they all speak in English accents indicating that the bazaar is not exotic at all. A young lady, who is probably a prostitute, because she is seen flirting with two men at the same time, asks the boy if he wants to buy anything but he says no, thank you. And from this, all of his dreams e nd because, the items are too expensive and mundane.At the end of the story there is an epiphany, which is the moment of revelation, to both the reader and the protagonist, because usually the epiphany is only recognisable to the reader. On the second from last paragraph at the end it says complete darkness signifying that all hope is gone. The whole of the last paragraph says gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity and my eyes burned with anguish and anger, this is the exact moment when he realises that all Dublin was in vain and all he did was in vain. He figures out from this that there actually is no love, no romance and no chivalry.

Bendix Case Study

The out to(p) Corporation is a parts supplier for five separate business units automotive, the couch Corporation (filters), aerospace, industrial and energy, and international. In 1951, the Bended Corporation is credited with the invention of electronic fuel injection (EFFIE) and was in sole possession of the accompanying unembellished until 1978. The company had non utilized this innovation to its fullest potential due to the lack of interest in automotive manufacturers in the United States.In 1976, Douglas Crane, president of Bended Corporations automotive division, was mulling ever the idea of embarking on the construction of a $10 million injector manufacturing plant, the main component involved EFFIE. Major Problems and Issues There are many problems veneering Benders customers in 1976, the first and most predominant being government regulations. The government has been tightening and tightening the control over defilement levels in automotive emissions as well as minimum gas mileage requirements for each manufacturers fleets.The major car manufacturers were un satisfactory to meet these requirements with their current fuel delivery system technology. These demands establish added pressure on Bended to revived a solution in order to provide future success and to create a competitive advantage. another(prenominal) major problem facing Bended was competition from a Busch, a company that Bended earlier had made an agreement with to use Benders EFFIE technology to manufacture for the European market. Busch was planning on creating a manufacturing plant in the United States, threatening to take away some of the market share away from Bended.Another break through facing the implementation of EFFIE into the American automotive market is the phenomena that affect innovation in a large corporation. The phenomenon is that with larger economies of scale, the less the many is willing implementing a radic aloney different solution to an old and well- known prob lem. The company is more willing to improve processes with their innovations, and then to create a whole clean yield line. The implementations of product innovations are more common in startups than in well-established firms such as Bended.This phenomenon can explain why EFFIE was put on the back burner and neer utilized fully. 1 Possible Solutions There are three possible scenarios for the Bended Corporation when it comes to the new injector manufacturing plant. The first is Bended could build a new reconcile of the art facility. The contract between Busch and Bended allowed them full disclosure, and each company shared their technologies and processes. Bended had a man spend several months studying the methods Busch was use in their production of injectors.The lessons that were learned during this sequence can be used to make a plant using new technology Second, Bended could structure an existing facility to produce injectors. This remodel would take less time and cost less than building a brand new facility. Bended assay this strategy when they started producing their own electronic control units (CEO) by adding production to their radio manufacturing facility. This initial failure was remedied when Crane took control over the SEC production and got the in good order team together in order to meet a contract with Cadillac.Lastly, Bended could cancel the new facility and supply the injectors from an outside firm. This strategy that Bended used early in its EFFIE production. Although it does not contain the capital costs of tooling and/or building a facility. This solution has the issue that the current suppliers cannot meet the poem Bended is looking to supply when/if EFFIE becomes the standard. Recommended Actions The issues that are facing the automotive industry are a factor that will change the environment for these companies causing them to arrive at to make fundamental changes in fuel delivery systems.These changes will become an opportunity for Bended to pursue EFFIE as the solution for the future regulations and performance standards evaluate by the American customers. For Bended to become a leader in EFFIE, they will need to have a competitive, and they will not be able to when they are supplying injectors from their competitors. Bended will have to become more vertically integrated by producing their own injectors and using the knowledge they have from their time observing Busch, they can produce them more efficiently and tit less waste. The action I would recommend for Crane to pursue is creating their own brand new injector facility.The facility will be able supply the future needs for EFFIE due to regulations. Bended will be able to compete and beat Busch in the market due to superior processes. To get past the phenomena such as stated earlier their needs to be a strong leader championing this intent and Crane has already proven himself with the SEC project. 2 Conclusion In conclusion, there are a plethora of factors outside of the control of the market such as government regulation and management phenomena inside a large corporation. A company can come up with a solution that may not useful at the time such as in this case.There was no need at the time for EFFIE at its invention because of the less stringent pollution and mileage standards but as time progresses EFFIE became a more and more plausible solution. Whatever choice Bended made, EFFIE is now standard on all cars and carburetors are a thing of the past. Bibliography 1 Abernathy, W. , & Turtleback, J. (2014). Pattern of Industrial Innovation. Innovation Management (1-9). Romania, NY Lines Learning. 2 Schumacher, T. (2014, May 22). Gunfire at Sea. Youth. Retrieved June 16, 2014, from HTTPS//www. Youth. Com/

Negotiation and Conflict Management Final Report Essay

Its clock time to go to the next level of my c atomic number 18er, I told myself a few months ago. Life and life experiences pick out put me in the right place at the right time to hand my daydream a reality. As a natural born citizen of an new(prenominal) country and as a modernisticly-married somebody, I have a unique perspective as well as a make up ones mind of obstacles and opportunities on the road ahead as I pursue my Executive MBA while being in transition. GOALSMy current short-term goal profession whollyy is to find a job that not hardly fulfills my current ambition of being technological leader just now also a management leader in the IT world, where as my long-term goal is to under result my own business (Repurposing and creatively painting old leather products into house decor) along with my life- comparisontner in the next 3-4 years. My personal goal is to again relive my exquisite gradient, paint and be creative and get my spouse involved in the artistic wor ld that I like. I am at a voice of my career where in both my personal goal of modeling with my life-partner coincides with my ambition of starting up a new business and apply whatever acquaintance I gathered during class. My goal as far as EMBA classes is to actually be able to not only(prenominal) learn Finance and Accounting but actually try to master it is as much as possible because when my goal of opening up my business be completes a reality, I want to make sure I have command over that.NEGOTIATIONSIn my previous caller-up, I had the opportunity to be a part of some important dialogues which helped me as well as the project run into the various aspects that we had predominantly neglected at the start of some of these negotiation. One such negotiation was when a contend vendor was trying to sell their new software to our client which they claimed would be doing the aforesaid(prenominal) kind of deed that we were doing for past few years. When the time came to negotia te the new contract for our project, the clients asked us to come up with a plan as to why they should consider our software v/s the equalize vendors proposed software. When I tried to analyze the whole negotiation process that we went with the end clients and even though we managed to extend the contract, there were a lot of issues that were not par with the 3D negotiation which are as follows We didnt compulsive up the right negotiationas the right ships company and right interests were not set up. We neer considered the No-Deal option.Never paid attention to the six basic interpersonal skills that are essential for negotiation. My short term goal of being a technical as well as managerial leader in IT would require me to be a part of similar negotiations that I mentioned above. Right from extending contracts, to getting financing for brinytenance and development of software, getting more business from different set of end clients which might be fire in similar software. he re are some of the important factors that needs to be considered while making these kind of negotiations.My long-term goal of opening my own business with my spouse is something that would require a lot of negotiations that needs to be done be it with the bankers or venture capitalists who might be raise in funding it, real-estate people who might be interested in selling or renting their property and the end clients/customers who would be interested in buying my end products. These are the three cardinal area of people that I have to get involved with in-order to start my business successfully.While dealing with the Bankers/VC, one thing that we need to keep in mind is that we might have issues with one of them, so we need to keep more options and try to find the right new parties who might be interested (right players). With the Real-Estate people, you need to address the Twin tasks, namely, Learn ab off the true ZOPA and Shape your counterparts ZOPA perceptions to your advantag e. New customers are more interested in creating and claiming prize like discounted cash flows, creating relationships, reputation and being fair. We need to think long term for creating and claiming value as none of the parties should feel that they have been exploited or dealt with unfairly as the reputation would be at stake. All conflict management processes i.e. consensual negotiations, are based on information sharing and learning. In the process of sharing information, a party seeks to alter the knowledge, attitudes, preferences and strategies of its opponents. There are some conflicts that I might have to overcome during my business negotiations that can be summed up asAPPRAISALAs a successful negotiator the six basic interpersonal skills are utmost important but ab initio when I started negotiating in my previous company, I never paid real attention to some of those skills. The contract extension negotiation example above was in conclusion approved but we had a lot of th ings that were not correct and that almost cost us the deal. Here are some of the key aspects of that deal a) My company had this contract for past 9 years without any competition and hence I never expected a rival vendor to just come up with an opposite proposal with the end client. b) I never really dealt with the topic of creating and claiming value as part of the negotiation. c) Had an incomplete/blurry information on the rival vendor and their product hence before proposing the deal, we never dug deep to rectify it.d) Never pressed on the issue of Your Interests / Their Interests. As this was a contract that was being extended every single year, this thing never came to my mind. The terra firma we got the extension on the contract was due to some of equally obligate strength that as a negotiator we had and they were as follows a) Our ability to make sure the end clients understand their No-Deal option. Even though we werent aware that it was called the No-Deal option, we tru stworthyly went that route when we presented our merits in front of them and made sure they understood what they were losing in- faux pas the contract was not extended. b) Even though we didnt do our homework on the rival contractor, we made sure that we had all our facts and data right once we were in front on the clients. The data showed all the current savings that we were providing to the end clients and this was a major factor that earned us the good point.My StrengthsReasoningThe quality and extent of my preparationThe better you understand your interests (why you want what you want) and the better you understand the interests of different parties (why they want what they want), the greater the chance you will be able to reach an elegant solution which leaves the parties feeling as if each has achieved the major portion of their goals quite a little walk away thinking they would be pleased tonegotiate again with me A negotiators relative strength can be measurable by whethe r people walk away thinking they would be pleased to negotiate again with him/her.If people leave a negotiation with you thinking they never want to see you again, then you are a poor negotiator Good communication to other parties so they understand my top priority A negotiator needs to understand that different issues should be treated as having different priorities in different negotiations. Sometimes the relationship is most important other times creativity is the measure of how well one negotiates and it is always true that good communication is a fundamental measure of a negotiators strength. A good negotiator makes her/his points craply understood by other parties. A better negotiator makes understanding other parties her/his top priority.In Moms.com case study, I was Terry Schiller and as my role was to sell the program, I made sure that for my preparation for the case, whether finding the right balance between the no. of re- attracts v/s the licensing rate and making sure t hat this balance would give me as well as other party the max value. I had already metric this before the negotiation started so that I knew what value would affect me as well as the other party. In Viking Investments case study, I was the person that run Viking investments and even though bankruptcy was the option for the other party, I not only made sure that it wont happen but provided the other party with 3 different options and gave her the choice to choose which ever suited her bill. I believe in maintaining relationships and making sure that the other party feels the same way, hence when the other party walks away after the negotiation, they would want to do more business with me going forward. In Biopharm-Seltek case study, I represented Biopharm and my main goal was to make sure that the other party understood that I was not only interested in their company but was not interested in buying their patent.My WeaknessReasoningDealing with negative emotions from the other side of the table Are my standards of fairness being violated? Is the common warp operating about my being cooperative and fair while the other party is hostile and competitive?What rule or assumption that I correspond is being violated by the others behavior? Controlling your emotions commanding reasonable authority, managing your temper, etc. Has something been raised that questions what I tell myself I am or hope to be, such as Am I competent? Am I fair? Am I a good person? Knowing when to step away from the negotiation table and being able to really do it No negotiator wants to enter into a poor agreement. except similarly, every negotiator should want to walk away from an unsatisfactory agreement towards a clearly defined, satisfactory BATNAIn Viking Investments case study, there were times I couldnt control my emotion because as per my own belief I was trying to go all the way out to help the other side not file for bankruptcy but in the middle I thought that I was fighting th e battle alone. I was emotionally drained out to make the other understand the consequence of bankruptcy and helping them more than I should as a result of which I questioned my own self whether I am competent enough. This to me is a sign of weakness because I let my emotion take over the negotiation process. In Biopharm-Seltek case study, I was overwhelmed by the negative emotion from the other side as they were not ready to part away with the company without me buying the patent.It was their major walk away reason for them which I was not able to understand as they were being very hostile without being reasonable. I saw a very different take on this which was against my own personality and it was something I couldnt overcome and need to work upon that. I still have a hard time to understand that you should never accept a proposal that is worse than your BATNA. Hence I couldnt understand when to step away in case it didnt work out. In the Moms.com, I didnt get the proposal that I p repared so confidently before the negotiation started and I couldnt find the heroism to walk away from the table even though I knew the value created was not as much as what I had initially proposed.PLANHere are the negotiation skills that I plan on improving and dealing with short term as well as my long term goals1. Do your research. Clarify your own objectives and make sure you understand what your opposite number wants from the deal. For example, by doing some basic research into a potential supplier, you can work out how valuable your custom is to them. 2. Plan your strategy in writing and decide what approach you will adopt before beginning negotiations. Be clear about the type of deal you want, set clear goals and work out where you will draw the line and walk away from the deal. 3. Ask questions and listen most to answers. Asking questions will help you understand what your opposite number wants to achieve. You may be able to get them to reveal how flexible they are on cer tain issues. 4. Decide what is negotiable. Before you start to negotiate, draw up a list of factors that are most important to you. Decide what you are (and arent) prepared to compromise on. chance on factors might include price, payment terms, volume or delivery dates. The key is to establish your preferred outcome, but remain realistic, because if youre not prepared to compromise some negotiations wont last long. 5. Dont reveal your negotiating position and avoid making unnecessary concessions. If you have to make concessions look for reciprocation. Concessions should only be made to help you get the things you value. You should also avoid appearing too keen to do a deal. Consider what offer the other party in the negotiations is likely to make and how youll respond. 6. Select the best team. Once youve decided on your strategy it is essential that you get your negotiating team right. Make sure it has skills in all the required areas and, where necessary, use a specialist to negot iate in areas outside your expertise 7. Drawing up a contract. Once all the points have been negotiated and a deal has been agreed, its best to get a written contract drawn up and signed by both parties. While vocal contracts are legally binding they are difficult to prove in court. 8. Choose the right time and place for negotiation. Ideally select a time and place where you are not under pressure to close the deal.My plan of being successful in negotiationsMapping the partiesI would like to start with clandestine talks with various individual parties(bankers, customers, etc.) before bringing everyone together for public negotiations, or it may be better to immediately begin negotiation with all stakeholders. When developing the process, it is important to consider the role of third parties, special procedures and specific negotiation systems. This will likely require an understanding of the cultural norms and individual personalities of the parties involved. tho important consi derations relevant to the process include how the process is to be determined and how it could be modified. The set up essentially ensures that the scope, sequence and process of a negotiation is consistent with my desired outcome for the negotiation. I need to ensure that the right parties have been involved, in the right sequence, to deal with the right issues that engage the right set of interests, at the right table or tables, at the right time, under the right expectations, facing the right consequences of walking away if there is no deal.

Disney & Lucas Film

Table of circumscribe Executive Summary i Introduction 1 marvel manufacture Analysis 1 Disney Industry Analysis 3 enquire Company Analysis 4 SWOT Analysis 6 valuation 6 Disney Company Analysis 7 Share Price Analysis 10 Examination of the bounteousness 12 Takeover Overview, Methods and Tactics 14 Analyst, Media and Legal Reaction 16 Recommendation and Conclusion 17 References 19 Appendices 22 , increased pressure from eBook innovation and internet piracy. As such, this industry grew an estimated 2. 50% from 2008 to 2009 and keep a Compounded yearly Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5. 4% from 2000-2009 (Jackson, 2011). Licensing responds second study unit of opeproportionn consist of its large licensing business. Marvel licenses the use of its various vulcanized fibers to gaming, movie, toy and tv set target producers alike. This food market is to begin with driven by mark and character licensing. As of 2007, Intellectual Property (IP) licensing represented a $USD 30 Billion ma rket in the United States (U. S. ) al 1 (IBISWorld Licensing, 2012). IP licensing exhibited constant growth. However, in 2008 it incurred a slight contraction of 3. 4% due to the global financial crisis.As well, from 2000-2008 it had a CAGR of 5. 09%. Further, character and trademark licensing represented more than 40. 0% of the total licensing market for 2012. The IP Licensing market is considered to be moderately come with Disney acting as the industry leader (after its encyclopaedism of Marvel) with just over 10. 50% of market assign (IBISWorld Licensing, 2012). However, the industry did exhibit lacklustre performance in 2009, (down al or so 10. 00%) from its 2007 high. Film Production Marvels final major operational segment consists of its film production operations.Generally, the industry has consistently outperformed the market (CAGR 5. 80% from 2000-2009) and as of 2009 represented a $USD 118 Billion dollar market in the U. S. (Thomson ONE, 2012). The industry is highly m erge with the top 10 studios (Disney being in second place), representing over 70. 00% of the market. (Nash, 2012). The changing nature of consumer entertainment spending is gradually eroding various industry segments such as DVD sales and DVD rentals. However, this has been compensate for by the adoption of other viewing alternatives like pay per view and direct broadcast television (Thomson ONE, 2012).Moreover, have managed to impose expense increases on consumers. Thus, allowing them to earn $USD 2. 5 Billion more in 2009 than in 2001 despite lower ticket sale volume for the same comparable period. (Nash, 2012). The film industry has also proven to be resistant to the economic downturns with moderate growth during the recessionary slumps of 2001, 2008 and 2009 (Thomson ONE, 2012). - Disney Industry Analysis Disney operates in two major segments licensing and entertainment. These segments are similar to the ones Marvel operates in.However, Disney also incorporates theme parks into its operations, thus differing from Marvel (Disney Financial Report, 2008). It should also be famous that Disney media services go well beyond simply producing childrens shows and films. They own several studios and until 2009 owned ABC (Thomson ONE, 2012). It can be stated that, the two corporations with regards to their fictional character businesses, target distinct customer bases with respect to gender, but target similar customer bases with respect to age. Disney primarily targets oung children and teenage girls, whereas Marvel targets young adult males and teenage boys. Theme Parks Disney is the leader in the theme-park market with all of the top 5 theme parks in the world belonging to this company. In 2009, although most theme parks experienced significant decreases in customer presence, Disney managed to actually increase attendance through appealing to local market and offering loyalty programs (AECOM, 2009). Over 185 one million million people attended one of the t op 25 theme parks in the world in 2009 (119 Million in the U. S).Attendance showed uncommon resilience in America with the top 20 parks in the U. S only losing a fraction of their attendance from their 2007 high, despite the financial crisis. (AECOM, 2009). The $USD 10. 70 Billion change significantly over the 3 year period. Net income quadrupled from 2006 to 2008 reaching an all time high of $USD 205 Million in 2008. Further, diluted net per touch (EPS) growth exhibited similar performance, indicating no extraordinary abnormalities in executive compensation or share issuance (Marvel Annual Report, 2008).The company managed to decrease its total liabilities by over $90 Million from 2007 to 2008. As well, Marvel significantly bolstered its cash reserves from $USD 30 Million to $USD 105 Million. There was also a large increase in accounts receivable (A/R) from $USD 28. 70 Million in 2007 to over $USD 144 Million in 2008. However, given the fast growth of A/R and consistent inventor y levels, this large increase warrants little concern. As well deliberatemliness, comprises over 30% of the corporations assets.It must be noted that this goodwill was not accumulated via a momentum acquiring strategy which was adopted by Tyco (Bruner, 2005). Thus, the goodwill was accumulated in a proper manner and not for the sole purpose of continually bolstering EPS and Price-to-Earnings ratios (Marvel Annual Report, 2008). Although the debt to equity (D/E) ratio is still moderately high (1. 36), the firm did manage to significantly decrease this ratio throughout the 2007-2008 period this was achieved by decreasing its liabilities and doubling its retained earnings.Moreover, an exorbitant $USD 251 Million cash spending for film inventory in 2007 contributed to the companys significant negative cash flow for the year. if the bounty paid is too high as Disney does not expect any cost-reduction or revenue-enhancement synergies from the merger (Business Insider, 2009). Moreover, analysts see the acquisition as a valuable opportunity for Disney to secure future profitable movies and contemplate the realistic outcomes of movies based on Marvels characters combined with the animation resources of espoused by Disney and Pixar.Finally, Disneys previous acquisition of Pixar Animation Studio was incredibly palmy, both in terms of revenue generation (each Pixar movie make post merger yielded large profits) and in terms of the integration of Pixar management into the Disney family (CNBC, 2009). By incorporating over 5,000 of Marvels characters into Disneys library, the media expects this merger to follow the same path and prove to be another successful acquisition story for Disney. Two days after the merger announcement, an independent blog speculated that security justice had been infringed upon as a result of the deal.The report suggested that Marvels chief executive Mr. Perlmutter engaged in suspicious behaviour prior to the merger. The blog stated that in Fe bruary 2009, a meeting took place mingled with the chairman of Marvels film division and Disneys CEO, where they discussed ways in which the relationship betwixt the two companies could be extended. Two weeks following said meeting, Mr. Perlmutter was granted 514,354 options for Marvel shares with a strike price of $USD 25. 86 per share. Three weeks later, he was granted another 750,000 options at an exercise price of $USD 23. 5 per share. The representatives of the firms met once more in the beginning of June and disclosed afterwards the possibility of a merger to the other managers (Wall Street Journal, phratry 2009). In essence, the proximity of the dates in which Mr. Perlmutters was granted options renders the transaction suspicious . Although it is not unusual for Marvels employees to receive options as annual com APPENDIX A VALUATION MODEL APPENDIX B MARVEL 2008 one-year REPORT (FINANCIALS) APPENDIX C DISNEY 2008 ANNUAL REPORT (FINANCIALS) APPENDIX D DISNEY 2010 ANNUA L REPORT (FINANCIALS)

Rhetorical Situation Essay

The rhetorical place consists of a few different elements that the source must treat when planning and constitution an effective render. The reader must consider his or her place within the rhetorical s take out as they critically read a tap in order to better understand the works general argument. A rhetorical situation has four components which include earshot, part, fiber and mise en scene. The audience includes the readers who your essay is implied to, the purpose is the reason for your report, the persona is the way the informant is presenting themselves in their indite, and the context includes the accompanimentors that influence constitution much(prenominal) as their background history. These components are what make up a rhetorical situation and with discover them there is no rhetorical situation. One of the first components of the rhetorical situation includes the audience, which is who the writing is directed to. In this case, the audience would be our prof essor. According to the CSUS assimilator Writing Handbook, sometimes teachers give play the role of interested reader and read your writing just to find out what youre thinking or to get to know you better as a writer and a thinker (29). When our professor reads our writing it gives them a better understanding of the writer, their thoughts, and imaginations expressed in words. Every large-hearted of writing has its own audience they imply to and therefore it is important for a writer to know who their audiences are. perspicacious your audience helps you to make decisions about what discipline you should include, how you should arrange that information, and what kind of supporting details go forth be necessary for the reader to understand what you are presenting. Audience withal influences the tone and structure of the document. In Craiks bind, Memory Changes In Normal and Pathological Aging, he states, Declining reposition abilities are reported by approximately all elder adults and give rise to the greatest number of complaints about aging in older people (343).This shows that the audience Craik is mostly implying to would be older adults because those are the kinds of people who experience declining memory loss. As stated in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, Your audience will affect your purpose for writing, the persona you take on, and the way you develop and organize your text (29). This understandably shows how important audience is andhow much it affects the other components of the rhetorical situation such as purpose, persona and text. One of the second components of the rhetorical situation would be the purpose which is the writers reason for writing such as to inform, entertain, explain or persuade. The purpose of an article is typically included in the introduction to give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding of what the document will cover and what the audience john gain from reading it.According to the CSUS Writing Handbook , A writers purpose could include the goals the writer has for her writing, the purpose thats set out for the writer in a teachers assignment, and the influence of factors equal the audience the writer is addressing or the type of writing (29). The purpose can also be described as the goals the writer is trying to accomplish in their writing for its audience to know what the article is about. It is important for readers to recognize that behind every text is a writer, and that the writer has a purpose or reason for writing and a particular point of view. For example, in the article Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging, the purpose of this article was to inform others how memory loss occurs as one ages. A writer can have many purposes such as to inform the reader by providing them information, persuade or influence, and entertain. In this case Craik was trying to inform his audience in his article by giving factual information about memory loss and its symptoms. share is another component of the rhetorical situation which is the way the writer presents there selves in the text. Many concepts such as the way the writer includes voice, tone, attitude and the words they use in a text describes the persona of an article. As stated in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, The persona you take on in your writing will depend on your purpose for writing, the subject youre writing about, the audience youre writing to, the type of text youre writing, and the context for writing (29).For example, if an sources tone is very heartrending in their writing with many facts, information and research included, then their writing would most likely pertain to people like scientists, doctors or researchers. Therefore, this is how the persona of an article can easily shape their audience because of the kind of tone the author displays. In the article Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging, Craik presents himself with amore serious tone and goes straight to the po int. How he stated facts and statistics on memory loss creates the persona of his article.One of the buy the farm components of the rhetorical situation would be the context. As mentioned in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, The context of a rhetorical situation includes all the broader social, cultural, and historical factors that can influence writing (29). This includes such information such as the background information of the author like where they are from or their history as a writer, it can include their cultural background, information on where and when they created their writing, or the history of the rhetorical situation. In many kinds of articles the authors clearly state personal information about themselves such as where they were born or other information to give their reader a better understanding of them. According to Bazerman, The conversational model points up the fact that writing occurs within the context of previous writing and advances the total sum of the d iscourse (658).By this bring up Bazerman means that context can also include others past experiences that the writer has learned about. Context could also be related to the type of text youre writingfor example, in a timed essay test factors like how long you have to write and how broad or narrow the questions are will have a major effect on what you say and how you say it, as quoted in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook (29). Therefore, not only does context include background history of an author, but context can also include instructions when you are witting a timed essay. Whenever we write, whether its telecommunicate to a friend or a toast for a wedding, an incline essay or a resume, we face some kind of a rhetorical situation. The term the Rhetorical Situation is used to revive to all the features of audience, purpose, persona and context. These are all important elements that we need to think about carefully because it becomes a part of our everyday lives.Works CitedBaze rman, Charles. A Relationship between Reading and Writing The Conversational Model. College English 41.6 (1980), 656-661.Craik, Fergus I. M. Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging.Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53.6 (2008) 343-345Melzer, Dan, et al, eds. Student Writing Handbook.Sacramento, CA Sacramento State University, 2009.

A380 Globalisation Essay

Describe how the A380 is both the product of and a ratifier to globalization. An Airbus is the name of an Airline Company. This company makes a particular plane called the A380. The A380 is a is a four-engined, double-decked airplane made by Airbus. It is the worlds biggest passenger airplane, bigger than a Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet. But, it is not the biggest airplane in the world because the Antonov An-225 is the biggest in the world.The Airbus A380 can reach out up to 850 passengers (but it usually carries about 525), and weighs over 550 tonnes. It has four Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engines or four Engine Alliance GP7000 engines. The companies habitual Electric and Pratt & Whitney make alliance engines. The A380 is a product of globalization because engineers have produced disparate parts of the aircraft in different parts of the world. Lots of the Aircrafts parts have been made in so many different countries and shipped back to the place where it was to be fully made. France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom all helped making these planes with the materials and parts they send.This makes it a product of globalization because it has been and affected different parts of the world. As of July there are 138 Airbus A380 planes. The A380 is a contributor to globalization because it helps carry people across the globe to a huge amount of different countries. The A380 is very(prenominal) special, mainly because of its size. It is a double decker plane, and it is the worlds biggest passenger airplane. The A380 mainly uses these airlines Emirates, Singapore Airlines, Qantas and Lufthansa. These airlines can basically get you around the world. I think that the A380 is good for globalisation because it connects lots lf different countries together as a transport and helps people get to their destination. The A380 is a major contributor to globalisation and helps people to travel, it is a big thing in globalisation and I think that its a great way to travel.

Was the Provisional Government Doomed from the Beginning? a Russian Revolution

score Dissertation Was the tentative G overnment unlucky from the Beginning? word count 3999 Josh Blake Candidate No. 031276977 Contents Introduction P 3 Chapter 1 Nature of the provisional Government and Structuralist thought processs. P 4 6 Chapter 2 Structuralist chemical reaction P 7 8 Chapter 3 Intentionalist response P 9 12 decisiveness P 13 Bibliography P 14 An nonated Bibliography P 15 16 Was the probationary Government doomed from the seed? subsequentlywards the February revolution on 1917 which saw the abdication of the tzar, Russia was in turmoil.It had g mavin (in a matter of days) from world one of the nigh repressed countries in the world to being totally free with nobody in whatever real position of power or authority, and this was a massive change for the population of Russia. As a result of this confusion two bodies were set up to temporarily misrepresent Russia until a constituent assembly could be choose. These two bodies were the provis ional governing, (make up of threesomeing Liberal parties, and Kadets), and the Petrograd Soviets (made up of workers, soldiers, socialist revolutionaries, and had both Menshevik and red ink members. til direct this reign did not last long as in October of the akin year the Bolsheviks seized the Tauride castle overthrowing the Provisional government (PG) in the name of the Petrograd Soviet. There ar many a(prenominal) reasons to why the PG did not answer to consolidate its power primarily on that point were a lot of ingrained hassles that gave them a big disadvantage. just there were excessively external atmospheric pressures from the peasants, workers and the war that the PG could barely not cope with. As historians ease up examine the question in profoundness different schools of thought have been established.The Structuralist School believes that the PG was doomed from the beginning, because of the troubles they faced often(prenominal)(prenominal) as Dual superpower, the War and Order No1 but Darby who is a popular Structuralist historian believes that there was a window of chance. 1 so far they failed to use this to their advantage and it personify them dear in October 1917. On the other die the Intentionalist school believe that the PG was not in f work on doomed from the beginning and give wayd due to outside pressure from the peasants, workers and impact of revolutionary transmiters such as Lenin.Lenins revolutionary shibboleths such as peace, the three estates and bread2 shifted the escort hugely from the PG to the Bolsheviks and other factors such as the July Days meant Lenin could undermine the PG completely. And gain financing for the Bolsheviks. Chapter1 Nature of the Provisional Government and Structuralist opinions On the 2nd March 1917 the PG was declared and on the 4th parsons were appointed. The Petrograd Soviet was also declared as a leading body in Russia and this sign system of Dual Power presented an st raight past problem for both groups.Having two Bodies trying to run the same country present(prenominal)ly causes difficulties as there would be disagreements between them. This is exaggerated between the PG and Petrograd Soviet because their views and ideologies are so distinctly different. The PG wanted to contain the revolution, whereas the Soviets wanted to deepen it. John Bradley agrees with this, stating The Soviet and the PG although coexisting, would never act in harmony, both preferring to follow separate roads in the pursuit of different goals. 3 This initial competition deepened with the introduction ofOrder No. 1 which was granted to the Soviets. Order No. 1 essentially gave the Soviets asc leftoverancy of the armed forces in Russia. It states that armed forces are subordinate to the Petrograd Soviet in all their political actions and one delegate from each company was to be elected to the Petrograd Soviet. Also all weapons were to re important under the control of co mpany and battalion committees, and in no circumstances to be handed over to officers. This meant that, the armed forces were change from enforcing the PGs will. 4 Mosley underpins this and states that The PG has no real power, troops, railroads post and telegraph are all in the hands of the Soviet. 5 The PGs liberal nature also contend a cosmic role in their lack of impressive policies and friendship. When they were appointed the PG immediately abolished the secret police abolished censorship introduced civic liberties abolished the death penalty granted civil rights to soldiers abolished discrimination based on class or religion and gave amnesty to political prisoners.All these things (contrary to the PGs beliefs) were seen to be giving to often clocks freedom to the population, to currently and this had a knock on effect throughout their reign. For example, when the state was nemesisened during April, July and October they were unwilling to use force. Or priming coato Fi ges sees this as a major reason for their downfall lift up by their own self image as their heirs of 1789, they were deluded into believing that they could resolve the problems by 1917 by importing western constitutional practices and policies, for which there were no precedents, nor the necessary cultural base in Russia. 6 The PG had destroyed the master secernate bureaucracy under the Tsar and did not replace it with anything this resulted in the population not really cognize what they were load-bearing(a). Other aspects that cost the PG dearly were internal problems such as the members within the body. After the abdication of the Tsar on the 2nd March 1917 the population expected the Duma to take control of Russia. The Duma was a second baseary government set up by the Tsar in reply to the October Manifesto after the 1905 revolution to corroborate the population of Russia happy.However as the Tsar Nicholas was still sovereign and there was a chance that he could come bac k into power the Duma felt they could not establish a leading role over Russia because if the Tsar were to go along they could be accused of treason. They were simply trying to save their backs in case this was to happen. As a result of this they set a Provisional committee separately which was to act as a temporary body in control of Russia until a Constituent throng could be elected afterward in the year.In contrast to the Soviets the PG was chosen by the Duma whereas the Soviet was elected by the concourse emphasising the PGs lack of connection with the workers and peasants in Russia. It seems today that historians feel the Duma should have accepted their opportunity to control Russia barely they had a dread of responsibility and did no want any knock if anything was to go wrong, Ric solid Pipes wrote It has been argued that the failure of the Duma to beatify at once, in an unequivocal manner, the assumption of power had disastrous effects. 7This suggests that the PG was a second option for the Duma and was not a well established institution and this immediately suggests that the PG was doomed from the beginning. Bernard Paves emphasises the brusque quality of the PG in his keep The PG was what the country had to offer in experience of government outside the administrative machine but they amounted still to a few fairly competent critics, without authority, educated in a Duma which had hardly been listened to. 8 Initially the Duma had announce that the PG was to handle restoration of order. The PG felt a political revolution was needed, not a social revolution.However a social reform or revolution was a necessity in Russia as there was mass unrest in both the countryside and cities. This dissatisfaction needed to be sorted out as soon as possible and although the PG tried they did not recognise what was needed to transform Russia. As Lenin wrote, Russia was in the second phase of the revolution and it was now the turn of the proletariat to contin ue it. The PG that was trying too hard to contain both the working(a) class and peasants without ever giving them any of their demands making them restless. This was another key reason why they were not equal to(p) to consolidate their power.Although the PG was predominantly a liberal body there was one exception. Aleksandr Fyodorovich Kerensky was a member of both the PG and the Petrograd Soviet and was the only representative in the body with fairly socialist ideologies. This resulted in disagreements within the party and his key role as prime minister after Lvov came as a disadvantage as he adopted a new self self-confidence and cost the PG dearly. There was a huge contrast between Lvov and Kerensky. Lvov was seen largely as a normal head9 and was an effective leader tho he was forced to resign over the issue of regional nationalities.Kerensky on the other hand was not such an effective leader and sought his own goals although be popular through the early years of the 190 0s. As the PG was a liberal body they felt a republic was where Russia should be heading. However this contrasted with Kerenskys ideologys and was another reason for them being unavailing to consolidate their power. Milyukov was also a key member in the party. As Mosley wrote, he was an outstanding temper in the party. 10 Milyukov was appointed minister of foreign affairs, and he played a huge role in formulating the policies which the PG adopted.However in connection with the War Milyukov made a grave mistake that ended in his resignation. This lack of knowledge was typical of the members of the PG. Chapter 2 Structuralists response The Structuralist response believes that the PG was doomed from the beginning due to their shortsighted response to the demands of both the peasants and the workers, and the pressure shed on them by the war. There were serious problems in Russia however there were also in truth high expectations of the PG, putting pressure on them, and making it har d for them to efficaciously consolidate power.These key issues included the war, shore up distribution, national minorities, economy, and social reform, and in March of 1917 it was important the PG made a good first impression. The key question involving the war was whether or not Russia should sue for immediate peace. This however would have implications as it would be rattling embarrassing and humiliating along with the severe want of territory that would incur. If they were not to direct for immediate peace they faced another problem. Should they continue fighting on board with their allies and try to gain territory or fight a defensive war and simply try not to lose any very much territory?The PG made a good prize in only fighting a defensive war. This however backfired when the Milyukov affair became apparent, and this cost the PG dearly. Although this problem could be seen to be a result of outside pressure and not an initial reason for their downfall, their initial ch emical reaction was simply the starting point from which the problems involving the war escalated out of control. The question involving the distribution of land was whether they should take land from the nobility and landowners and hand it over to the peasants or should they wait for the Constituent Assembly to organise it in a more controlled way.They immediately opted to stand back from these demands, and stated that they would wait for the Constituent Assembly to be elected so that they could submit with it more appropriately. The PG adopted the same approach when answering the vital question of the demands of the working class in Russia. The Working class wanted much better conditions for both working and vitality they also wanted eight hour working days and elected members on factory committees.Beryl Williams wrote wear legislation was brought in by the PG the right to strike, and to elect factory committees, an eight hour day, freedom and land reform however these were pos tponed until the promised Constituent Assembly. 11 This made the workers and peasants restless and as the year progresses they simply put more pressure on the PG. The dilemma involving national minorities was that neighbouring countries to Russia such as Finland, Ukraine, and Poland wanted freedom. They decided to grant these countries independence as they thought they did not really have any control over them anyway.However this sparked disagreements within the party and turned out to be more important than the PG had originally thought. It resulted in the Kadets leaving the PG and this came as a huge loss of support and meant Kerensky took over Lvov position as prime minister. The economic berth in Russia was not good and supply of food and fuel needed to be emergenced. These key issues in March 1917 were very important to the PGs downfall. They gave them an opportunity to excel however due to bad decisions and poor policies the PG was not able to consolidate power.The Structur alists School sees these problems as a chance for the PG to show Russia they were capable of leadership and the historian Darby refers to these times as a window of opportunity. 12 However the PGs inability to cope with such stresses among other strains put them immediately on a downward spiral. Chapter 3 Intentionalist response Although there is a lot of evidence to suggest that the PG was doomed from the beginning there is also evidence which supports the contrary. Many of the issues that the PG failed to channel with in March escalated and caused big problems within the body.There were also key mistakes made that put support in the hands of the Bolsheviks and gave them a prime opportunity to seize power in October. As Beryl Williams wrote, the PG created a climate in which its political opponents could return and flourish. 13 The initial policy that the PG had set up in response to the war was one of the only vaguely effective policies they had adopted this however did not last long. On the 20th April of that year a message from Milyukov (The Minister of Defence) that had been sent to the PG was leaked to the public and sparked various protests throughout Russia.The business line told the PG that the legions was to go on the offensive however this was deeply unpopular with both the Soviet and the Russian people. Figes sees this as, waving a red rag in front of the soviet bull,14 In response the Soviet called upon the people of warring countries to force their governments to negotiate peace and in doing so condemned Milyukovs pledge. It is clear that the PG underestimated how much the Russian people, and soldiers wanted peace. As Mosley wrote, not fully aware then of the widespread unwillingness of the Russian people to continue the war. 15 The Milyukov note is a key example of the outside pressure that helped in the collapse of the PG and it emphasises how even a policy that seemed effective in March had backfired due to poor decisions made by key memb ers in the body. This incident put the PG in a bad light and it was only to allow worse. another(prenominal) initial policy that affected the PG badly was the problem involving small neighbouring countries to the USSR and their desire for independence. Initially the PG had overlook these demands, however as the demands grew the PG was forced to make a decision.They made a quick decision as they felt that this issue would not affect anybody within the party or population. They gave these countries independence, however in doing so sparked unrest within the party. Many of the Kadets including Milyukov were very unhappy that these countries (Ukraine especially) had been granted independence, and as a result they leftfield the PG. With the loss of Milyukov, Kerensky was appointed minister of war and Paves sees this as gravity shifting very predominantly to the left. 16 This resulted in the PG losing their impact on the population it also cost them a lot of members and support and sig nalled another misuse towards their destruction. As the weeks went by the PG was failing to answer the peasants demands for the distribution of land. This meant that the PG was losing support as the peasants opinion of them became increasingly bad. Kowalski argues this The problem was that the peasant restraint was not rewarded. The PG with the support of the soviet procrastinated on the land question. 17 Iganev, a leader of a popular socialist party said We are always being told, later, later, not now, not until the Constituent Assembly however the land question must be resolved now 18 This is a clear example of the pressure put on the PG. This view is supported by many historians such as Richard Pipes and over the years an Intentionalist School has been developed. They believe that it was the outside pressure put upon the PG that cost them, arguing that it was revolutionary leaders such as Lenin that led to the popularity of the PG diminishing whilst the popularity of other revol utionary groups grew.Another example of the outside pressure put upon the PG is the political transformation of the Petrograd Soviet. They had transformed from (in March) being an institution supporting parliamentary democracy into instruments for revolutionary socialism, and there are consequences of this. According to Mosley there are two main reasons for this transformation Primarily the Soviets were annoyed because the PG postponed for future determination by the Constituent Assembly the solution of such pressing problems.The second reason is largely a consequence of the first as there were growing opinions of the workers and peasant against the PG because they had failed to meet any of their demands, and conditions in Russia had not improved. This meant that the soviets felt they had to branch themselves away from the failing PG to keep their composition intact. The Bolsheviks also used this to their advantage as when they saw this poor reputation of the PG and their lack of s upport the Bolsheviks took a radical move to wipe the PG out completely.The Bolsheviks saw this opportunity At the Russian conference of the Bolshevik workers party on March 29, there was only one loudspeaker who opposed the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks and establishment of a proletariat dictatorship. And he was rules out of order. 19 This emphasises how from very early on in the PGs reign people were looking to overthrow it and using Lenins intelligence they found a perfect opportunity. Using Propaganda they adopted a new party slogan of all power to the soviets. In doing so the Bolsheviks felt that they could rise to power through the Petrograd Soviet and then disband it when they got to a dominant position within the party. As a result of this the PG were left with very little support. As opposition to the PG grew there was one key incident that sparked the Bolshevik engine and this was the return of Lenin on the 3rd April 1917. Previously to this Lenin had been in exile a nd had not been able to ignite Bolshevik movement. When he returned the Bolshevik workers parties were already willing to overthrow the PG but simply did not have the means to do so, and that is what Lenin brought to the table.Lenins initial opinion was that he welcomed the revolution but saw it as only being in its first stage, the April thesis was Lenins radical program to introduce the second phase. The April thesis was inform almost immediately after Lenins return on the 16th April and it promised the population of Russia exactly what they wanted, which put the PG in a very bad light. The thesis included No support to the PG an immediate end to the war arming the workers to defend the revolution the introduction of a worldwide socialist revolution and most importantly it promised, Land, peace and bread. 20 That was all the things that the PG had been to scared to do, as they waited for a Constituent Assembly. The July days followed the PGs pass offensive and were another key reason for the PGs downfall. On 3rd July there were military uprisings against the armys poor attempt at an offensive against the Germans on the western front. There were 400,000 casualties and this failure played into the hands of the Bolsheviks and made the PG look very bad for initiating the offensive. On the 4th July 20,000 sailors embarked on the city from Kronstadt ocean base.As the PG was to blame all the protestors wanted the soviet to take power. However when the soviet refused to do so they crowds were not sure what to do, and were restricted by the 176 regiment who were used to protect the government. This emphasises the opinions towards the PG and is another example of a poor decision made by them which pushed them closer to being overthrown. However the July days also had a knock on effect on the Bolsheviks, because it was not uccessful in overthrowing the PG people wanted someone to blame and that person was Lenin.However some historians such as Figes argue that Lenin did not actually have any role in organising the uprising. 21 The Kornilov affair was another example of outside pressure which resulted in a large loss of support for the PG and gave the Bolsheviks a more convincing role in the country as they gained support and spread the word of another revolution. By the end of August Kerensky felt that the only course informal to him was to restore law and order in the cities and to boost moral and discipline within the army.In doing so he hoped he could put pressure back on the Bolsheviks and potentially deal with any threat that they were to present. Kerensky appointed General Kornilov as new supreme commander of the Russian forces to try and boost moral. However General Kornilov had other ideas that emphasise his poor political mind and it rubbed off very badly on the PG and Kerensky. Kornilov felt that in his new position he could rally soldiers and he saw this as an opportunity to crush the radical socialists and restore military order t hrough counter revolution.However Kerensky realised this and had to call for help from both the Petrograd Soviet and Bolsheviks which reinforced the publics suspicions that they could not effectively govern Russia. Conclusion There is a lot of evidence that supports both arguments that the PG was doomed from the beginning and that it was outside pressure that resulted in their collapse in October 1917. There are also various historians who support these arguments. Evidence suggesting that the PG was doomed from the beginning is supported by famous historians such as Orlando Figes and Beryll Williams who agree with the Structuralist School.Important factors such as the immediate demands from peasants and workers were too strong for the PG to handle appropriately and they made a grave mistake in ignoring them. The problem was that the peasants restraint was not rewarded. The PG procrastinated over the land question. 22 This was also the case when they tried to deal with the national m inorities demands and this to had severe consequences resulting in a great loss of support and members. On the contrary however there is lots of evidence that supports the counter argument, stating that the PG collapsed under outside pressure put on them throughout their rule.Issues such as the War and Bolshevik movement made the situation even harder and it became too much pressure for the PG to cope with. Also the increasing demands from peasants and workers after the PGs initial ignorance became much stronger and became a real problem for them which they failed to cope with. After looking in detail at both responses it is clear that the PG inherited problems however it was their inability to deal with these problems that immediately put them under a lot of pressure and made it much more difficult for them to consolidate power.This initial hesitance tied the PGs hands nookie their back and because the internal problems had not been dealt with by April they had no chance against t he external threat from the Bolsheviks who were bent on their destruction. It can also be argued that the PG although being seen as the rulers of Russia did not actually do anything to meet any of the peasants of workers demands and did nothing to increase the standards of Russia at all. As Bernard Paves wrote The PG, although acknowledged as such for eight months cannot be said to actually have ruled Russia. 23 Bibliography Bernard Paves A History of Russia (published 1947 in London) John Bradley The Russian Revolution (published 1988 in London) Beryl Williams Lenin, Profiles in Power (published 2000 in London) Robert Service Stalin, a Bibliography (published2004 in London) Richard Pipes Russia Under the Old Regime (published1974 in Great Britain) Leon Troski Stalin (published 1947 in London) Orlando Figes A Peoples Tragedy (published 1996 in London) Orlando Figes The Whisperers (published in London) Chris Ward Stalins Russia (first published 1993, second variate 1999 in London) Chris Corin, Terry Feihn Communist Russia Under Lenin and Stalin (Published 2002 in London) Tamara Pimlott The Russian Revolution (first published 1985 in London) Caroline Kennedy Russia and the man (first published 1998 in Great Britain) Philip. E. Mosley www. emayzine. com/lectures/russianrev https//mars. wnec. edu/grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/rev1917 Beryl Williams new perspective Volume 1. Number 2. (December 1995) En. wikipedia. org/wiki/russian_Provisional_GovtAnnotated Bibliography Bernard Paves A History of Russia (published 1947 in London) This book was useful as it gave me an insightful view of this period in history and gave me an in depth structuralist opinion. John Bradley The Russian Revolution (published 1988 in London) This book was useful as it gave me a greater discretion of some of the different opinions that surround this topic. Beryl Williams Lenin, Profiles in Power (published 2000 in London) This was useful as it gave me a wide r innovation of Lenins involvement in the destruction of the Provisional Government.Robert Service Stalin, a Bibliography (published 2004 in London) This book provided me with an ordinate of quotes and deepened my extrapolateing of the Provisional Governments policies and mistakes. Richard Pipes Russia Under the Old Regime (published 1974 in Great Britain) Gave me an insight to the Bolshevik policies that lead up to the Provisional Governments downfall. Leon Troski Stalin (published 1947 in London) This book was very fire and gave me a look at the lead up to Stalins reign which was the downfall of the Provisional Government.Orlando Figes A Peoples Tragedy (published 1996 in London) Was very interesting and gave the views of the population of Russia along with the policies and thoughts of the leading bodies in Russia. Orlando Figes The Whisperers (published in London) This book gave me more back ground knowledge about the topic and helped me understand some of the reasons be hind the revolutions of 1917. Chris Ward Stalins Russia (first published 1993, second edition 1999 in London) This book was helpful because it gave me a lot of statistics and views that emphasised some of the main points throughout the Provisional Governments reign.Chris Corin, Terry Feihn Communist Russia Under Lenin and Stalin (Published 2002 in London) Gave in more detail some of the main points behind Lenins campaign and how he managed to overthrow the Provisional Government. Also was helpful in other split of the course. Tamara Pimlott The Russian Revolution (first published 1985 in London) Was helpful in giving me quotes and facts throughout the middle months of the Provisional Governments reign, things such as the July days and onwards to October.Caroline Kennedy Russia and the World (first published 1998 in Great Britain) whatsoever information about the day the Bolsheviks seized power from the Provisional Government at the Tauride Palace. Philip. E. Mosley www. emayz ine. com/lectures/russianrev This book was useful as it gave me information about the members of all the parties and some of the internal problems the Provisional Government faced. https//mars. wnec. edu/grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/rev1917 Gave me an overview of the topic and helped me understand the bases of the Provisional Government leadership.Beryl Williams new perspective Volume 1. Number 2. (December 1995) This article was useful as it provides some quotes and helped me understand the role of Kerensky better. En. wikipedia. org/wiki/russian_Provisional_Govt Gave me an overview of the year and put all the events into context whilst giving some opinions of popular historians. 1 A time from March to April where the Provisional Government could have satisfied the people and had they done so would have been able to consolidate their power however they failed to do so. 2 Slogan used by Lenin to rile up the people of Russia and undermine the Provisional Government prior to overthr owing them. 3 John Bradley, The Russian Revolution, London (1988) p56 4 Robert Service, Stalin, a bibliography, London (2004) p129 5 Phillip. E. Mosley www. emayzine. com/lectures/russiarev 6 Orlando Figes, A Peoples Tragedy, London (1996) 7 Richard Pipes, The Russian Revolution, New York (1990) 8 Bernard Paves, A History of Russian, London (1947) p531 9 Mosley www. emayzine. om/lectures/russiarev 10 Mosley, www. emayzine. com/lectures/russiarev 11 Beryl Williams, Lenin, profiles in power , London (2000) p63 12 Robert Darby agrees with the Structuralist School. Argues it was the ignorance of Provisional Government that resulted in their failure. 13 Williams, Lenin, profiles in power, p 63 14 Figes, A people tragedy 15 Mosley, www. emayzine. com/lectures/russianrev 16 Paves, A History of Russia, p 533 17 Kowalski, Russian Revolution 1917-1921, p 133 18 Kowalski, Russian Revolution 1917-1921, p 134 19 Mosley, www. emayzine. com/lectures/russianrev 20 Quote from Lenins April thesis emp hasises how Lenin gave them exactly what they wanted. 21 Figes, A Peoples Tragedy 22 Kowalski Russian Revolution 1917-1921, p 133 23 Paves A History of Russia, p 532 account book count 350 raillery count 403 reciprocation count 478 Word count 260 Word count 439 Word count 167 Word count 431 Word count 434 Word Count 442 Word count 222 Word count 373